International Phonetic Alphabet
-Consonants & Stress-
Consonants
A speech sound that is made by partly or completely stopping the flow of air breathed out from the mouth, not a, e, i, o, or u.
Consonants
b buy, cab
d die, cad
ð thy, breathe, father
dʒ giant, badge, jam
f phi, caff, fan
ɡ(ˈɡ) guy, bag
h high, ahead
j yes, yacht
k chi, sky, crack
l lie, sly, gal
m my, smile, cam
n nigh, snide, can
ŋ sang, sink, singer
ŋɡ finger, anger
θ thigh, math
p pie, spy, cap
r(ɹ, ɻ ) rye, try, very
s sigh, mass
ʃ shy, cash, emotion
t tie, sty, cat, atom
tʃ China, catch
v vie, have
w wye, swine
hw why
( /hw/ is not distinguished from /w/ in dialects with the wine-whine merger, such as Received Pronunciation and most varieties of General American.)
z xi, zoo, has
ʒ pleasure, vision, beige( /ʒ/ or /dʒ/)
Marginal consonants
x ugh, loch, Chanukah
(In most dialects, /x/ is replaced by /k/ in loch and by /h/ in Chanukah.)
ʔ uh-oh /ˈʌʔoʊ/
Stress
primary (tonic) stress(accent)
The principal or strongest stress of a word.
ˈa intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/
Secondary stress(accent)
The degree of stress weaker than a primary accent placed on a syllable in the pronunciation of a word.
ˌa intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/
tertiary stress
Full unstressed vowels.
a intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/
Quaternary stress
Reduced vowels (schwas)
a intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/